The legal regulation of climate policy in the field of greenhouse gas emissions: global challenges and ways of adaptation of Kazakhstan

The article focuses on examining the legal framework governing climate change and ecosystem protection, highlighting both international and national strategies. Key global agreements, such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, as well as Kazakhstan’s legislative measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering sustainable economic growth, are analyzed. Particular attention is given to Kazakhstan’s efforts to meet international commitments, including the introduction of an emissions trading system, the establishment of carbon budgeting standards, and the development of environmental regulations. The study aims to explore the challenges Kazakhstan faces in adapting to climate change and the role of legal norms in promoting green technologies and sustainable development. The research methodology combines legal analysis, a comparative approach (examining international and national contexts), analysis of empirical data, and evaluation of policies and laws regarding their environmental impact in Kazakhstan. The authors underline the necessity of robust legal frameworks in climate policy to achieve sustainable development, enhance energy security, and ensure social equity. The conclusion highlights the importance of refining legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy, contributing to the effective realization of sustainable development goals and emission reductions.