Remote Monitoring and Control of Electrical Substation

Control begins at the control plant and is transmitted via transmission lines to a distribution substation. At substation, a transformer steps down voltage, which is then distributed to various regions. Monitoring key parameter for the distribution line such as current, voltage, frequency, Power, Power factor, and the substation's temperature is crucial. Smart energy meters now available on the market allow users to remotely monitor readings via the internet. These meters track not only energy consumption but also parameters such as voltage, current, Power, Power factor, and frequency, which can be viewed on laptops and mobile devices using Internet of Things technology. Currently, we are developing an IoTs based system for monitoring and controlling substation parameters using a Node MCU. Electrical based parameters such as current, voltage, frequency, energy, Power, and Power factor, are measured using the PZEM- 004t type sensor. The DHT11 sensor measures humidity and temperature in the transformer oil. Additionally, a 4- channel relay module is used to control devices such as lights and a water pump. All these parameters are connected to the Node MCU via wi-Fi, enabling data to be displayed on a computer screen and mobile application i.e Blynk App. For transformer winding temperature measurement, a digital temperature control module with a temperature sensor and fan is used. If the temperature of transformer winding rises, the fan becomes automatically activates for the purpose cooling, ensuring effective control within the system.