Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Vulnerabilities and Defense Against Malicious Attacks

This paper presents a survey on vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms in Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure that can be exploited by cyber attackers for malicious things. When accompanied by the surge of EV adoption, the implementation of chargers and V2G communication networks with smart grids, brings new cybersecurity issues. The paper points out that potential threats, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, the injection of malware and charge manipulations endanger the charging process security leading to economic losses and power grid instability. The report also: Investigates the role of new technologies including blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) in securing the EV ecosystem. Blockchain ensures that the transactions and the communication are secure, whereas AI Systems help in detecting cyber threats by analyzing traffic and anomalies; also mitigating these adversities. By the integration of AI and blockchain, EV infrastructure can attain increased levels of security, reliability, and scalability. This review highlights the importance of new defense methods in order to protect the future of a sustainable form of transportation.