A Novel Routing Protocol for UWSNs Based on Integrated Simulated Annealing and Sine Cosine Algorithm

This paper proposes a new SA-SCA based routing protocol for UWSNs with the objective of costing the better routing paths. The presented protocol has been designed to consider the nature of UWSNs which include energy limitation, dynamic network structure and high end to end delay. Simulation outcomes revealed that the proposed SA-SCA protocol saves energy consumption up to 13% and extend the network lifetime up to 9% as well as the delivery ratio is up to 5% more than the conventional SA based protocols. The outcomes established show the ability of the protocol in improving the throughput and dependability of UWSNs.