On the Classification and Grading of Data in Civil Law

This article explores the dual legal attributes of data from a civil law perspective, analyzes the classification and grading experiences abroad, and combines these with Chinese actual needs for data protection to construct a classification and grading path that fits Chinese legal system. Based on whether data carries personal information and whether it is publicly disclosed, this article proposes four categories of data and explains their applicable legal rules; it also divides data into three levels based on the degree of damage caused by data breaches, and proposes corresponding protective measures.