Women's Leadership in Engineering, Workplace Patriarchy and Bais

This paper aims to review existing research on the factors highlighting the obstacles to participation that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in engineering. Additionally, it recommends promoting and improving gender balance in the field. Women's involvement in the workforce has generated much debate worldwide. Data from several journal articles in various countries was combined to improve the knowledge of the barriers influencing women's career involvement in engineering and strategies for promoting women's career participation. This work highlights the key findings about the biases and patriarchal practices that lead to the underrepresentation of women in the minority in the engineering field and how the improvement of gender imbalance has been addressed in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, India, Bahrain, and Africa.