A dataset of daily surface meteorological observations at Xiaolangdi Station (2018–2020)

<p indent="0mm"> Meteorological observation is a fundamental basis for weather forecasting and early warning, climate prediction, and field scientific observation and research. And surface meteorological observation, as an important component of meteorological observation, stands out for its adherence to unified meteorological observation standards, featuring better spatial comparability. This is also what distinguishes it from microclimate observations. Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station (referred to as Xiaolangdi Station) is located in the transitional zone between the second and third steps of China′s landforms in the southern Taihang Mountains. Situated in a key ecological area of the Yellow River, it experiences a warm temperate sub-humid monsoon climate with abundant biodiversity. This dataset consists of daily meteorological data from 2018 to 2020, processed and quality-controlled, based on raw data collected from the surface meteorological observation field at Xiaolangdi Station. The dataset covers 17 key meteorological indicators: mean temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature, relative humidity, mean wind speed and maximum wind speed, net radiation and direct radiation, air pressure, precipitation, and multi-layer soil temperature at depth of <sc>080 cm.</sc> It aims to provide background information for addressing climate change, advancing ecological civilization and the construction of a beautiful China. Furthermore, it can provide support data-driven strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.