Vowel variation in a segregated and isolated religious community

Abstract While New Zealand English (NZE) is a highly researched variety of English due to its variable monophthongal system, one community in New Zealand remains greatly under-researched — the Gloriavale Christian Community. This community gives us a laboratory insight into how new dialect formation (NDF) and isolation interplay in the formation of a new accent. Furthermore, we investigate how this accent may differ by gender as the community exhibits high levels of sex segregation. We investigate vocalic variation of eight NZE monophthongs in 24 Gloriavale speakers and compare their findings to a less isolated New Zealand community. We find that Gloriavale vowels show greater rates of change compared to the less isolated community, with most of these changes following the majority settler dialect (i.e. NZE). When we look at gender differences, the Gloriavale women exhibit monotonic sound change towards a broad NZE dialect with innovative GOOSE and NURSE vowels, while the Gloriavale men exhibit age-graded variation. We discuss the former findings considering the NDF and isolation literature, while the gender findings require understanding of Communities of Practice research and general principles of sound change.