State of the art and outlook for development of Hall effect sensors for electronic devices

The fast development of solid electronics is contingent on the fast development of sensor electronics, including Hall sensors for different applications. The objective of this paper is to review classical and modern approaches to designing Hall sensors from bulk structure to quantum dimensions. Practical applications, advantages and disadvantages of Hall sensors are presented. In order to establish a theoretical basis for the development of Hall sensors, the study presents an overview of the mathematical models for Hall effects in semiconductor materials. Based on the analysis of the presented mathematical models, the authors offer recommendations for selecting the optimal material for Hall sensors with the highest sensitivity. This paper concludes with the discussion of future prospects for the development of sensors based on the Hall effect.