CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND THE ROLE OF THE INTRNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: CHALLENGES AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS (SUDAN MODEL)

The study is related to the crimes against humanity and the role of the ICC in reducing it, Sudan model. Problems of the study focus on the continued commission of crimes against humanity and the weak role of the International Criminal Court to stop these violations. The importance of the study is to understand the fundamental concepts of crimes against humanity and the role of the International Criminal Court in mitigating these crimes. The objectives of the study include clarifying the role and powers of the International Criminal Court in imposing penalties, the legal challenges it faces, and proposed solutions. The thematic boundaries of the study focus on the legal framework for contemporary crimes against humanity, while the geographical boundaries are centered on Sudan. The temporal boundaries address the knowledge of crimes against humanity committed in Sudan between 2003 and 2024. We utilized historical and analytical methods to describe and analyze crimes against humanity. The study consists of five sections discussing the concept and nature of crimes against humanity, the role of the International Criminal Court, including some legal precedents, challenges, and proposed solutions. The study concluded with several findings, the most significant being that military leaders and heads of state in military and dictatorial regimes are the most likely to commit crimes against humanity. Additionally, criminals often evade punishment due to the limitations imposed on the International Criminal Court. Key recommendations: Encourage countries to adopt democratic civilian governance systems and conduct criminal trials for all perpetrators of crimes against humanity, especially presidents and military leaders.