Gut microbiome and cancer: Mechanisms, dysbiosis, and therapeutic prospects

The gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, including immune regulation, metabolism, and inflammation control. Emerging research has established a strong link between gut microbiota and cancer, highlighting their influence on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapies. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial composition, can contribute to cancer development by promoting chronic inflammation, altering immune responses, and affecting metabolic pathways. Furthermore, gut bacteria can modulate the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other cancer treatments. This overview explores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer, emphasizing its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention.