Thyroid disorders and recurrent miscarriage: Role of hormonal therapy

Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a significant concern in reproductive health, often associated with thyroid dysfunction and hormonal imbalances. This study explores the relationship between thyroid disorders and recurrent miscarriage, focusing on the impact of hormonal therapy on pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To determine the contribution of thyroid disease in recurrent abortion and to find out if hormonal treatment is helpful in enhancing the chances of pregnancy. Methodology: An observational study was carried out at Tikrit Teaching Hospital from October 2024 to February 2025. The study comprised 300 women who were divided into two groups: Group A (150 women with thyroid diseases and recurrent miscarriage) and Group B (150 women without thyroid diseases). Sterile and standardized questionnaires were used to collect data from the participants. Thorough hormonal profiling was done, which included TSH, Free T4, Free T3, Anti-TPO, Anti-TG and other endocrine glands’ hormones. Group A received hormonal therapy depending on their thyroid status. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results: The two groups differed in thyroid status, reproductive hormones and miscarriage incidence. The case group had increased TSH, low free T4 and T3, and raised Anti-TPO and Anti-TG concentrations. The miscarriage rates were higher in the case group (72%) than in the control group (10%). After the treatment, the thyroid function was restored and the rate of miscarriage was reduced to 35%. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction has adverse effects on recurrent miscarriage. Hormonal therapy appeared to be beneficial in improving thyroid function and decreasing the risk of miscarriage, thus supporting the need for early diagnosis and management of women with thyroid diseases.