Body typology according to the Heath-Carter somatotype vs. the Conrad system in top-level female athletes

Introduction and objectives: The physical characteristics of the athlete are related to sporting performance and can differ significantly depending on the modality practiced. The aim of the study was to apply two systems to quantify body constitution in high-level competitive women. Material and method: The sample consisted of 545 women from 35 different sports, age 23.6 ± 4.9 years, assessed during the years 2010 to 2023. From the anthropometric protocol, 15 variables were selected to calculate the endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic components of the Heath-Carter somatotype, and the metric and plastic indices of the Conrad system. Descriptive (percentiles) and comparative statistical treatment was carried out by selecting a subsample (n = 105) of seven representative modalities. Results: The mean somatotype was 3.5 - 4.1 - 2.7; mesomorphic dominant, falling into the endo-mesomorphic category. The mean metric index (-0.73 ± 0.41) was classified as metromorphic with a tendency to leptomorphic and the plasmatic index (81.5 ± 4.06) as metroplastic, with a tendency to hyperplastic. The mesomorphic and ectomorphic components had a high correlation with the metric index (rho = 0.72 and - 0.75) and with the plastic index in relation to height (rho = 0.83 and - 0.81); although they cannot be considered equivalent. The single parameter that most discriminated between the selected modalities was the metric index, which includes height and thorax diameters, with values from lowest to highest: rhythmic gymnastics, volleyball, long-distance athletics, hockey, heavy rowing, swimming, and weightlifting. Conclusion: Body physique classification is necessary to check early on the greater or lesser suitability for a sporting modality. Different parameters can be used, with the metric index standing out for its discriminative value and for being less influenced by factors such as nutritional status.