Optimization and Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Power System for the Jaisalmer Region, Rajasthan

This study examines the design and optimization of a grid-connected hybrid power system for the Jaisalmer region in Rajasthan, situated at 26.91° N latitude and 70.91° E longitude, near the Indo-Pak border. The primary goal is to fulfill the region’s energy requirements by integrating renewable energy sources, specifically solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines, with grid supply and battery storage. Energy demand was estimated based on local consumption patterns, with a daily average load of 654 kWh and a peak demand of 110 kW, particularly during irrigation hours. Seasonal fluctuations were considered, with significant demand surges observed during the monsoon months (June to September). The region’s solar energy potential was evaluated, showing an average solar irradiance of 5.6 kWh/m²/day, while wind speeds varied between 3.0 m/s and 4.0 m/s.The system was modeled using HOMER Pro software, analyzing four different configurations: (1) Solar PV, wind turbines, grid supply, and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery; (2) Solar PV, wind turbines, grid supply without battery; (3) Solar PV, wind turbines, grid supply with lead-acid battery; and (4) Solar PV, wind turbines, and grid supply without storage. The estimated annual energy demand ranged from 216,755 kWh to 296,121 kWh, depending on the configuration. The Net Present Cost (NPC) was computed for each setup, revealing that Combination 1 (Solar PV, Wind Turbines, Grid Supply, and Battery) incurred an NPC of $320,201, whereas Combination 4 (Solar PV, Wind Turbines, and Grid Supply without Storage) had the lowest NPC at $227,092. Configurations incorporating battery storage, such as Combination 1, provided a stable energy supply with up to 6.07% surplus, whereas systems without storage exhibited greater energy availability fluctuations.The economic analysis indicated that although battery storage increased upfront costs, it significantly improved energy security and system reliability. The findings suggest that a grid-connected hybrid power system with battery storage presents the most viable solution for the Jaisalmer region, offering an optimal balance between cost-effectiveness, energy reliability, and sustainability. The study’s optimization results provide valuable guidance for rural electrification initiatives, promoting reduced grid dependency and lower environmental impact. Future research could explore advancements in battery technologies and grid management strategies to enhance system efficiency and further reduce costs.