Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and characterization using <i>Asparagus officinalis</i> : Elucidation of Anti-diabetic potentials through In-Silico, In-Vitro, and In-Vivo Analyses

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a serious health risk, can result in several problems and fatalities. This study investigates greensynthesized silver nanoparticles from Asparagus officinalis (AO-AgNPs) for their anti-diabetic properties. AO-AgNPs were analyzed using UV-Vis FTIR XRD, EDX, and SEM. UV-Vis spectroscopy with an extract peak of 383nm and AO-AgNPs was 420nm. The extract FTIR peaks were from 528 cm-1 to 2730 cm−1, whereas of AO-AgNPs peaks were from 632 cm−1 to 3352 cm−1. XRD diffraction peak patterns were from 111 to 331 in the 2θ range. The SEM revealed that the AO-AgNPs were uniformly sized and smooth structure. In yeast glucose uptake assay, AO-AgNPs had significant effects of (78.6 ± 0.78%) and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (88.8 ± 0.89%) compared to crude extract and standard. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition by crude extract, AO-AgNPs and metformin at 35 μg/ml were highest at 78.7 ± 1.05%, 85.3 ± 0.65 %, and 89.6±0.88%, respectively. In the glucose adsorption assay, AO-AgNPs (9.7±0.2%) and the crude extract has (8.4±0.3%). In an in vivo study Alloxan-induced diabetic mice showed that AO-AgNPs (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg b.w.) effectively lowered blood sugar levels and supported pancreatic and liver cell regeneration. Quercetin and beta-sitosterol were identified as promising compounds through docking studies. Overall, AO-AgNPs demonstrate significant potential as anti-diabetic agents.