Intraoperative histology for risk assessment of bladder cancer by coherent Raman imaging

Bladder cancer (BC) treatment is costly due to high recurrence and revision surgeries. If a resected tumor is diagnosed as high-risk by post-operative histological assessment, revision surgeries are mandatory. We present a fully integrated, clinically compatible SRS imaging device for real-time histological assessment of BC during surgery. We demonstrate excellent agreement between acquired SRS images and classic H&E-stained images. Our device paves the way for classifying BC risk levels, enabling intraoperative therapy stratification. Additionally, our device spans the full Raman spectrum, offering rapid, detailed molecular profiling and potentially reducing reliance on advanced diagnostic tools.