What aspects of staff, prisoner and systemic attributes have been found to reduce or increase the likelihood of sexual boundary violations in prisons?

Purpose Sexual boundary violations (SBV) can have significant implications in any environment, including that of a prison setting. Conducting research on a sensitive topic in prison services can be difficult to achieve, however, understanding why SBV occur can support the development of proactive policies and effective management strategies. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this rapid evidence assessment was to collate information relating to why SBV occur through a structured review. Findings A total of 12 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was used to review the data and identify common factors. Two overarching themes emerged from the data, which included factors that increase the likelihood of SBV to occur in prisons and personal motivators. Most studies included in the review were qualitative and all were based in the USA, which may limit the generalisability of the findings to other countries. Research limitations/implications Most of the studies included in the review were qualitative, and all were based in the USA, which may limit the generalisability of the findings to other countries. Practical implications Recommendations for practice are provided in terms of how SBV can be reduced and how people can be best supported. Originality/value This review helps build on the current understanding of SBV, which poses a risk to the safety and well-being of both staff and prisoners. Recommendations for practice are provided in terms of how SBV can be reduced and how people can be best supported.