Mammalian Diversity and Prey Population Density of Gautala Autramghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra, Western India

This study aimed to assess mammalian species within Gautala Autramghat Wildlife Sanctuary (GAWLS) to understand prey-predator dynamics and guide conservation strategies. The research used line transect surveys, camera trapping, and sign surveys, documenting 22 mammal species. The four-horned antelope, sloth bear, Indian leopard, striped hyena, and tiger are classified as threatened. A total of 30 random line transects were laid across the sanctuary to estimate prey species densities. Northern plain grey langur (19.96/km²) and wild boar (9.02/km²) were the most abundant species, with density estimates of 1.11/km² for blackbuck, 2.29/km² for Indian hare, 8.82/km² for nilgai, and 3.14/km² for peafowl. The encounter rate was highest for Northern plain grey langur (0.18), followed by nilgai (0.17) and wild boar (0.11). Among prey species, adults were most prevalent, especially in peafowl (95.33%), blackbuck (91.82%), spotted deer (85.71%), and wild boar (78.40%). Blackbuck showed the largest average cluster size (7.48), followed by Northern plain grey langur (6.74), nilgai (5.19), and wild boar (5.69). Critically low sightings of four-horned antelope and spotted deer suggest these species are nearing local extinction. The study recommends improving water availability through man-made water holes and mitigating anthropogenic pressures such as cattle grazing, human encroachment, and deforestation. Strengthening enforcement measures, community engagement, and focused monitoring efforts are critical for increasing the populations of these vulnerable species. The findings showed the adverse effects of habitat degradation, water scarcity, and human interference, advocating for intensified conservation and monitoring initiatives.