Precision in Diagnosis of Factors in Female Infertility Through Diagnostic Laparoscopy Insights from Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar

Infertility afflicts millions worldwide and often stems from female factors. The World Health Organization reports that 60-80 million couples struggle with infertility due to blocked fallopian tubes, polycystic ovary syndrome, or endometriosis. Understanding the intricacies of infertility is paramount to addressing this prevalent issue. Objective: To determine factors in female infertility through diagnostic Laparoscopy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Nov 2020 to April 2021 in the Gynecology Unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. No longitudinal elements were involved; the analysis was purely observational. We included 90 infertile women aged 18-45 with normal male partner semen analysis. Exclusion criteria consisted of contraceptive use or no intercourse in a year. Participants were divided into primary (n=62) and secondary (n=28) infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy investigated the cause. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26.0. Results: Tubal blockage emerged as the leading cause at 33.3%, followed by polycystic ovaries at 21.1% and endometriosis at 13.3%. Other etiologies comprised fibroids at 6.7%, ovarian cysts at 4.4%, and pelvic inflammatory disease at 3.3%. Laparoscopy proves integral to identifying occult pathologies driving infertility. It facilitates clinical management and improves reproductive outcomes for women presenting with fertility complications. Conclusions: It was concluded that tubal blockage was the most common cause (33.3%). In 33.3% of cases, polycystic ovaries were found, in 13.3% endometriosis, in 6.7% fibroids, in 4.4% ovarian cysts, and in 3.3% pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).