Advances in Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A PromisingNanotechnology Approach for Diabetes Mellitus Management

<p> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern, with a growing patient population and associated complications. Traditional treatments often fall short due to the complex nature of the disease. Recent advances in nanotechnology, particularly the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), offer promising solutions. This review aims to highlight the eco-friendly, economical, and biocompatible characteristics of ZnO NPs, with a focus on green synthesis techniques for their production. </p> <p> It also explores the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using natural resources, such as microorganisms and plant extracts, which act as stabilizing and reducing agents. It examines the potential of these nanoparticles in improving medicinal properties, particularly through their antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. The possibility of combining ZnO NPs with other nanomaterials is also investigated, with an emphasis on applications in biosensing, therapeutics, and diagnostics. </p> <p> ZnO NPs synthesized through green methods demonstrate significant potential in enhancing insulin sensitivity, glucose management, and preventing diabetes-related complications. Their improved medicinal properties, including antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities, are highlighted. This review also identifies opportunities for the development of combination products and discusses the transition from laboratory-scale research to industrial-scale production. </p> <p> Extensive safety and clinical studies are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of ZnO NPs, paving the way for regulatory approval and wider adoption in medical applications. This review underscores the importance of medicinal plants and biogenic approaches for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and calls for further research to explore the full potential of ZnO NPs in diabetes management and beyond.