Effect of media type, Cytokinins and Auxins on the formation of embryogenesis of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. in vitro

The study was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of the Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah in 2022-2023 Ad, three types of nutritional media were used, Murashige and Skooge,( 1962)(MS) , Woody plant media ( WPM) (Lloyd and McCown, 1981), and Gamborg, (1968) (B5) supplied with two types of cytokines Zeatin and 2ip at four concentrations for each (0, 0.5 ,1 ,2) mg L-1 and two types of auxins NAA and IBA at three concentrations for each (0, 0.1, 0.5) mg L-1 to formation embryogenesis of Barhi cultivar in vitro. The results showed that the WPM and MS media gave the highest rate of the number of embryos, which amounted to 7.45 and 7 embryos, with a significant difference from the B5 media which reached (4.92 embryos ) Also, no significant differences were observed in the number of embryos for the cytokine type trait, while the results showed that the concentrations of 0 and 0.5 mg.L-1 were excelled in the rate of the number of embryos, which amounted to 7.13 embryos, with a significant difference from the rest of the concentrations. the WPM nutrient media recorded the highest percentage of embryos, number, and length of roots, which amounted to 41.7%, 1.6 roots, and 5.48 cm, respectively, with a significant difference from the MS media, which amounted to 30% percentage of embryo, and the number and length of roots amounted to 1.36 roots and 5.06 cm, respectively, while the type of auxin did not record any significant effect on the embryo percentage and root length, while IBA was excelled in the rate The number of roots reached 1.6 roots compared with NAA concentration exceeded 0.5 mg L-1 significantly in the percentage of embryo, number of roots and their length at a rate of 48.8% and 1.7 roots and 6.125 cm compared to the control treatment, while the effect of the double and triple interactions did not record any significant differences with statistical significance