Globalization and Deglobalization: Нistorical Сycles and Modernity

This study aims to determine historical origins of the modern globalization and deglobalization processes. Globalization is characterized as an economic process leading to political consequences, contrary to deglobalization which is described as a political process leading to economic consequences. We suggest discussing these two processes exclusively in tandem. Mutual conditionality of the expansion of modern capitalism and the development of the international system of modern-day sovereign states is analyzed. This paper also provides an overview of the three waves of globalization and deglobalization in modern history: the birth of modern capitalism in the 16th century and the establishment of the international system in the 17th century; active development of capitalism in the 19th century and the deglobalization caused by the First World War; and globalization and deglobalization of the modern age. The study characterizes the specifics of the modern globalization as the only political globalization in the history of the world. Modern deglobalization is considered to be a process of consolidation and in some cases restoration of sovereignty performed by the most active participants in world politics. The paper analyzes the circumstances and possible historical dates marking the start of the modern deglobalization. In conclusion, it is suggested that humanity will continue moving through the cycles of globalization and deglobalization comparable to what it has experienced since the 16th century.