Enhanced sep protocol based on fuzzy logic with dynamic threshold to improve the lifetime of WSNs

Stability and energy efficiency are the key factors that determine how well a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can perform and last. A Static Election Protocol (SEP) was developed to tackle this problem by selecting stable nodes as cluster heads; however, this protocol depends on random selection, which may cause an uneven energy distribution in the network. To address this problem, a new and improved version of SEP called SEP-FLDT is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head decision and allow for cluster head switching over time, SEP-FLDT uses fuzzy logic coupled with a dynamic threshold mechanism. Comparison experiments are carried out with existing protocols like LEACH and SEP to prove the efficacy of SEP-FLDT. It is shown that the use of fuzzy logic combined with a dynamic threshold mechanism will lead to better evaluations for optimal clusters, therefore ensuring periodic changes in their selection as well as identifying a set of optimal cluster heads that maximize stability in terms of connectivity. Experimental results from performance evaluations demonstrate improvements in all aspects, such as energy efficiency, connectivity, stability and overall network performance, compared to other methods such as the LEACH and SEP protocols.