Ways of Formation and Structural Features of Hybrid Terms of Tourism Sphere in Kazakh Language

The rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of new concepts and opportunities in the field of tourism. Tourism plays a significant role in politics, economics, intercultural communication, and the social sphere of many countries. It is a multifaceted phenomenon, considered the world’s largest industry, a communicative practice, a form of relaxation and leisure, and, at the same time, a promising sector of business and economy. Thus, the tourism industry and its terminological structure represent a relevant topic for this research. This study explores the formation and classification of hybrid terms in the Kazakh language, focusing on their structural and semantic features in the tourism sector. The results of the terminology system analysis in the tourism sector show that borrowings from Russian and Kazakh languages can be classified into direct borrowings, indirect borrowings, and hybrid formations. One of the most productive ways of forming hybrid words is through the combination of two or more words, resulting in single-component and multi-component hybrid terms. Notably, two-component and three-component terms are predominantly used in the tourism sphere. This research employs methods such as the collection of scientific data, factor analysis, expert assessments, and systematic analysis. Theoretical, contrastive, and analytical methods have also been applied. The hybrid terms have been identified and analyzed theoretically, structurally, and semantically through comparative analysis.