Fractional optimal control strategies for mitigating cholera epidemics: A mathematical modeling approach

The SIQRB model is employed in this research to propose a Caputo-based fractional derivative optimal control model for the mitigation of cholera epidemics. Significant properties of the model, such as the non-negativity and boundedness of the solution, are verified. The basic reproduction number, , is calculated using the spectral radius of the next-generation matrix. The stability analysis demonstrates that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when , while the endemic equilibrium is stable when . Numerical simulations are conducted using Euler’s method to demonstrate the importance of the control function. These MATLAB-based simulations illustrate the impact of fractional-order derivatives on cholera transmission dynamics and confirm the analytical results. The efficacy of fractional optimal control approaches in mitigating cholera epidemics is demonstrated.