Research Progress of Liposomes in the Field of Anti-Tumor Therapy

Liposomes, as an efficient nanoscale drug carrier, hold significant advantages in antitumor therapy. The unique bilayer structure of phospholipids enables liposomes to simultaneously encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, while also possessing good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Through passive or active targeting mechanisms, liposomes can precisely deliver drugs to tumor tissues, thereby significantly enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic adverse reactions. This paper summarizes and reviews the preparation, composition, classification of liposomes, and their applications in diseases such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioma. It also highlights that the development of special functional liposomes, such as long-circulating liposomes, thermosensitive liposomes, pH-sensitive liposomes, and ligand-targeted liposomes, has further improved the precision and efficacy of drug delivery, bringing new breakthroughs and hope for antitumor treatment.