Phytochemical profiling and antimicrobial evaluation of Lavandula bipinnata

The Lavandula genus, part of the Lamiaceae family, includes a variety of small shrubs, herbaceous plants, and annuals known for their aromatic foliage and flowers. Widely recognized for its benefits, lavender essential oil is commonly used both as a standalone remedy and as a key ingredient in numerous over-the-counter supplements and cosmetic products. In this study, multiple analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Lavandula bipinnata extract. The Folin–Ciocalteau assay determined the phenolic profile, and UV–Visible spectrophotometry assessed the flavonoid content. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) provided relative isotope abundance data. Phytochemical analysis identified various compounds, with saponins and phenolics standing out as potential plant defense mechanisms against microbes, insects, and herbivores. In the methanolic extract, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) further characterized the extract of Lavandula bipinnata, including those corresponding to gallic acid. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) evaluated the extract's ferric reduction capacity, revealing greater effectiveness at higher concentrations. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was evaluated and found to have a ferric-reducing capacity ranging from 51.1202% to 55.1230%. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the Lavandula bipinnata extract was tested against several microorganisms using the disc diffusion method. The extract also exhibited antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Considering the extensive investigations conducted, it is essential to apply precise extraction methodologies that accurately determine the chemical composition of Lavandula bipinnata. The results revealed significant zones of inhibition, suggesting potential efficacy against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.