Optimizing Tonpilz Transducer Transmission Through Impedance Matching and Head Mass Structure

The bandwidth and output power of underwater acoustic transmitters are important for high-performance sonar detection systems. A mismatch between the impedance of the transducer and the transmitting circuit results in a low power factor, significantly limiting the sonar's operating bandwidth and detection range. In addition, the radial head structure of the Tonpilz transducer plays an important role in determining the radiation characteristics of the sound field. This paper proposes a new radiation head structure along with an impedance-matching network circuit. First, a mathematical model of active power is established based on the Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthaei (KLM) model of the transducer. The adaptive Gauss-Newton algorithm is then used to calculate the parameters of the broadband impedance-matching network components, ultimately determining the network parameters and the structure of the transducer's radiation head. Experimental results indicate that the transmitter voltage response of the proposed transducer is 6 dB higher than that of a conventional transducer and can be further increased by 5 dB with impedance matching. The impedance-matching network enhances the power factor of the transducer by 3.2 times, expands the frequency band by a factor of 1.6, and significantly enhances the acoustic field radiation characteristics of the underwater acoustic transducer.