An investigation into the evolution of surface topography and contact characteristics of rolling elements under repeated rolling contact

Surface topography evolution under repeated rolling contact is essential in understanding the wear and fatigue damage of rolling elements. However, the response of rough surfaces with different surface topographies to the loading conditions remains unclear. Two distinct surface textures were experimentally and numerically analyzed under various operating conditions. The experimental and numerical outcomes indicate how the roughness evolution is dependent on the initial surface texture and surface plasticity. The results show that the deformation behavior and evolution trend of surfaces with high initial surface plasticity are independent of loading conditions. In addition, initial hardness ratio and surface work hardening play an important role in the modification rate of rough surfaces and how a steady state of contacting surfaces is achieved.