Equivalent loading conditions satisfying pressure time history consistency between close-in blast and mass-block impact

Close-in blast tests are plagued by defects such as difficult data measurement, high safety risks, and poor repeatability. A promising method for studying close-in blast is simulating it through impact loading in a laboratory environment. However, current loading equivalence research primarily focuses on reproducing the target plate’s failure mode, with the equivalent criterion adhering to the impulse criterion, which considers only the single contribution of impulse rather than the combined effects of impulse and peak pressure. Few studies have addressed the consistency of pressure time history and the quantitative prediction of equivalent loading conditions between close-in blast and mass-block impact. In this work, the mapping relationship between close-in blast loading conditions and pressure time history parameters is established, based on the fluid-solid coupling model and strong shock wave theory. An incomplete elastic collision model for the mass-block impact is also developed. Peak pressure and impulse transmission are regulated by adjusting impact velocity and mass, while the restitution coefficient and impulse transmission upper limit are determined. Finally, a quantitative prediction method for equivalent loading conditions is proposed. The results show that the pressure time history curves of close-in blast and mass-block impact under equivalent loading conditions exhibit good agreement.