A dataset of vegetation aboveground biomass, nutrients, and soil physicochemical properties in Sanjiangyuan and its surrounding areas in 2017

<p indent="0mm"> As the core component of the ecological environment in Sanjiangyuan, natural grasslands serve as the material foundation for ecological animal husbandry, while soil provides the essential substrate for plant survival in the ecosystem and an indispensable part of the ecosystem. Seasonal and spatial variations in grasslands have a significant influence on grass yield and nutrient content. These variations further affect the input of organic matter from vegetation and nutrient input from herbivorous excrement in the soil. Based on this, this study publicly released field survey and analysis data on aboveground biomass, nutrients, and surface soil physicochemical properties of alpine grasslands in Sanjiangyuan and its surrounding areas (32.29°N–35.25°N, 92.44°E–102.27°E). This dataset consists of two parts: (1) vegetation aboveground biomass and its approximate nutrient-related dataset during the greening period, peak growth period, and withering period; and (2) surface soil physiochemical properties <sc>(0–10 cm,</sc> <sc>10–20 cm)</sc> recorded during the peak growth period. Data collection and quality control are based on the long-term monitoring standards of the China Ecosystem Research Network. Additionally, data accuracy is ensured through the use of standard reference materials, repeated sample testing and random sample inspections. The release of this dataset can support scientific research on ecological function changes in the high-altitude grasslands of the Sanjiangyuan region, providing ground observation data for remote sensing inversion, model validation, etc. It can also serve as valuable resource for predicting nutrient cycling and functional changes in the region’s high-altitude grassland ecosystem under the influence of global climate change and human activities.