HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Challenges and StrategiesFactores

IntroductionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has represented a serious public health problem worldwide. Despite advances in its prevention and treatment, it continues to affect millions of people, especially key populations, such as Men who have Sex with Men (MSM). In Mexico, MSM have presented a significantly higher risk of infection compared to other population groups. This phenomenon has been attributed to biological, psychological, social and structural factors that increase the vulnerability of this population.DevelopmentCondoms have been identified as an effective tool in HIV prevention, as they significantly reduce the risk of transmission. However, its use has faced several barriers, including behavioral aspects, lack of access to quality condoms and social norms that discourage its use. In addition, HIV has evolved since its discovery in the 1980s, presenting different stages of development, means of transmission and diagnostic strategies. Antiretroviral treatment has managed to improve the quality of life of people with HIV, although its effectiveness has been influenced by multiple factors. Several theoretical models have attempted to explain HIV risk behavior and prevention, allowing a comprehensive approach to address the problem in MSM.ConclusionHIV prevention in MSM has required the implementation of strategies that address biological, psychological and social factors. It is crucial to strengthen sex education, improve access to condoms and reduce discrimination affecting this population.