<scp>L</scp> -Carnitine Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptosis, Cytotoxicity, and Oxidative Stress in Human Vena Cava Endothelial Cells

Background: Cigarette smoke is widely recognized as a cause of oxidative stress. There is substantial evidence indicating that it can cause changes in the structure of the endothelium, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). l-carnitine (LC) is a compound that facilitates the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and contributes to energy production and cellular apoptosis. Hence, this study aimed to explore the protective properties of LC against the cytotoxic effects triggered by cigarette smoke.