Intelligent connected vehicle data security based on blockchain combining zero-knowledge proof and post-quantum cryptography

Aiming at the severe challenges of Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV) in the field of data security, this paper designs a four-layer ICV data security framework, which covers the whole process from data collection, processing, storage and sharing to privacy protection. In the security framework, three technical methods of blockchain, Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) are integrated. Blockchain is used to provide distributed trust mechanism and tamper-resistant data storage. ZKP is used to protect data privacy and realize data verification without leaking sensitive information. PQC is used to enhance data encryption and authentication mechanism to resist quantum computing attacks. At the same time, the data sharing security strategy is formulated, including initialization and key generation, data transmission preparation, zero-knowledge proof generation and verification, data reception and verification, blockchain recording and consensus, access control and data usage, etc., to ensure the security and privacy protection of data during the sharing process. The simulation experiment data of delay time, throughput and privacy protection intensity in the simulation environment show that the scheme not only enhances data privacy protection and data integrity verification but also improves the system's ability to resist future quantum computing threats and provides a solid guarantee for the data security of intelligent connected vehicles.