Reimagining libraries in the fifth industrial revolution (5IR): The impact of robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), metaverse, blockchain, and emerging technologies

This study explores how the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR) is revolutionizing libraries through advanced technologies like robotics, AI, the metaverse, and blockchain. It investigates their impact on library roles, services, and infrastructure to improve user experiences, operational efficiency, and information accessibility. Using a systematic literature review methodology, the research analyzes recent studies and reports from major databases, highlighting trends such as automated collection management, enhanced research support, and virtual environments. Case studies from various libraries illustrate implementations of these technologies, emphasizing the need for staff upskilling and robust policies to address ethical and legal concerns. The findings underscore the strategic integration of 5IR technologies to ensure libraries remain pertinent and effective in the digital era, offering practical insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers aiming to enhance library services and sustainability.