Literature Review on Hydrological Modeling in Semiarid Regions

Objective: This article aimed to evaluate the progress in the field of hydrological modeling applied to semi-arid regions, indicating the trends and gaps that need to be filled. Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts regarding hydrological models. Hydrological modeling has been developed and has resulted in various models, varying according to objectives and application scale, in complexity, spatial resolution, and process representation. Method: The methodology consisted of a systematic literature review, where the identification, selection, and critical evaluation of various scientific articles sought to synthesize the knowledge in the area. The review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, which is divided into four stages: identification, selection, eligibility, and inclusion. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that despite the various existing hydrological model variations, adequately simulating hydrological processes in semi-arid and arid areas remains a challenge. Research Implications: The theoretical implications of this research include the consolidation of the challenge in developing a hydrological model that captures the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of hydrological characteristics (such as precipitation, runoff generation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture change) within semi-arid watersheds. Therefore, the study suggests the development of hydrological models that incorporate mathematical equations better suited to represent the water balance in semi-arid regions. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the existing difficulties in hydrological simulations in semi-arid regions. Since aridity controls the availability of key limited resources, we must better understand semi-arid hydrology and the interactions of water resources.