Dual-Polarized Antenna with 2D Beam Steering Using Reconfigurable Double Square Loops

A novel dual-polarized 2D beam-steering antenna is proposed based on the reconfigurable double square loops (RDSLs). The antenna is composed of stacked patches with two ports and a beam-steering surface consisting of a 2 × 2 array of RDSLs. Varactor diodes are integrated on the inner square loop of the RDSL. The steerable radiation beam of the antenna can be continuously controlled by tuning four biasing voltages applied on the beam-steering surface for both polarizations. The experimental results show that the scanning ranges are up to ±32° for both ports in two principal planes. The proposed antenna has an average gain of 7.87 dBi with a fluctuation of less than 0.5 dB during 2D beam scanning. The cross-polarization is less than −20 dB, and the isolation between the two ports is greater than 20 dB. The proposed antenna has scannable beams for dual polarizations, stable gains, compact size, and a simple structure, which makes it a good candidate for wireless communication systems.