Seed and germination biology of swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum)

Background: Swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum) poses significant challenges in cotton fields and orchards across northwest China. Objective: Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of various abiotic factors on seed germination of swallowwort. Methods: Seed germination and seedling emergence of freshly harvested seed (FS) and seed stored for six months (SS) were investigated under different temperatures, osmotic potentials, saline stresses, and burial depths. Results: The optimal germination temperature of FS was 30 to 35 °C, [...]