Coincidence of Takayasu Arteritis and Multiple Sclerosis: Narrative Review and Case Report

TA can present with a variety of ocular symptoms, including hypertensive retinopathy, retinal ischemia, and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, often mimicking other diseases. While rare, the coexistence of TA and MS, including cases associated with interferon-beta therapy, suggests shared immune mechanisms and underscores the need for careful monitoring of patients with MS receiving immunomodulatory treatments. The broad spectrum of potential causes for optic nerve abnormalities necessitates a thorough evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment.