Soil Quality Degradation Due To Heavy Metal Concentration in Contaminated Soil and Its Remediation

Heavy metals are important soil pollutants that have a major impact on soil quality and plant health. These elements include cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). These naturally occurring metals can build up in soils as a result of a variety of human activities, such as industrial operations, agricultural practices, and inappropriate waste disposal. Heavy actions raise the amounts of heavy metals in the soil, which hinder plant growth by interfering with physiological and biochemical processes. The study examines several heavy metal contamination sources and highlights how soil metal accumulation is affected by the continuous application of inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural inputs. One effective and affordable way to mitigate soil contamination is through the use of phytoremediation. This research integrates information from several sources, such as books, internet databases, and national and international periodicals. It offers a thorough understanding of the fundamental chemistry of heavy metals, their origins, and their effects on soil and plant health. With an emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices and cutting-edge remediation techniques, the findings highlight the need for efficient remediation strategies to manage and reduce heavy metal contamination in soils.