Shape-morphing membranes augment the performance of oscillating foil energy harvesting turbines

Compliant membrane oscillating foil turbines (OFTs) can enhance power generation by stabilizing leading-edge vortices (LEVs), a key mechanism for lift. Through experiments in a water flume, we map the performance of compliant OFTs across a broad range of kinematics and isolate the roles of camber and extensibility in LEV stabilization. Membrane extensibility is shown to be critical for dynamic decambering at high angles of attack, delaying stall and improving lift and power, while camber alone suffices at low angles of attack. This study provides new insights into optimizing compliant OFTs for renewable energy applications.