Juggling Balls and Mathematics: An Ethnomathematical Exploration

Ethnomathematics, as a field of study, promotes recognizing the diversity in ways of thinking and doing mathematics, challenging the hierarchies and exclusions typical of traditional mathematics education. This research explores the practice of juggling, specifically analyzing three-ball juggling sequences to uncover the mathematical structures and patterns embedded in this ancient art form. In a social association during a workshop, two jugglers and seven juggling learners interact with one of the researchers, a mathematics educator, to co-construct a shared model establishing a symmetrical dialogue based on the Alangui’s principles of “mutual interrogation” between the practice of juggling and the domain of mathematics. The knowledge exchange process is envisioned as a “barter” where both the mathematics educator and the jugglers contribute their unique perspectives to generate new and hybrid understandings. With a qualitative approach, from the analysis of the data collected during the ethnographic field work (notes, audiovisual recordings) emerges how the initial model, created by mathematicians and jugglers, was reinterpreted to better align with the cultural community’s practice. The research revealed that juggling serves as a concrete context for exploring abstract mathematical concepts and that mathematical analysis of juggling sequences helps jugglers gain a deeper understanding of underlying structures, enhancing their creativity. The hybrid model developed in this study offers a promising resource to integrating ethnomathematical perspectives into formal mathematics education, fostering a more situated and engaging learning experience for students.