Etiological aspects of human papillomavirus in women of reproductive age

Papillomavirus infection (PVI) is widespread worldwide and ranks first among sexually transmitted infections. This article presents data on the prevalence and epidemiology of PVI. Particular attention is paid to the main mechanisms of pathogenesis and to how human papillomavirus (HPV) evades the host immune response. The role of the vaginal microbiome composition and its influence on the likelihood of infection and the maintenance of PVI persistence is emphasized. A significant part of the work is devoted to the impact of HPV on the human reproductive system, including the possibility of conception, pregnancy maintenance, and neonatal outcomes. The current frequency of reproductive disorders associated with PVI underscores the relevance of this topic. In conclusion, the necessity of further research on PVI is highlighted, as it will enable a more detailed understanding of HPV’s influence on the stages and outcomes of pregnancy.