In-depth investigation of suspected cases of diphtheria in Bassikounou district, Hodh Chargui region, Mauritania - August 2024

Introduction Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Despite vaccination efforts, diphtheria epidemics continue to occur, particularly in the Hodh El Chargui region. This study aims to investigate suspected cases of diphtheria in the district of Bassikounou. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. An investigation was carried out following the notification of suspected cases of diphtheria in the district of Bassikounou, reporting two suspected cases of diphtheria on 31 July 2024. Data were collected through interviews with patients, families and health professionals, as well as through the review of medical records and vaccination registries. Biological samples were collected for laboratory confirmation. Results The investigation revealed a total of 32 suspected cases of diphtheria, including six clinically compatible cases of diphtheria, for the outcome, two died of asphyxia, one recovered, three still ill. Most cases were unvaccinated children aged 2 to 20 years. During our investigation, some factors identified include low vaccination coverage, limited access to health services and precarious living conditions. Control measures put in place included mass vaccination, community outreach, and contact tracing. Conclusion Active search for suspected cases of diphtheria and unvaccinated children in the district of Bassikounou has led to the detection of a cluster of cases among Malian refugees. Despite the lack of biological confirmation, the results of the investigation underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and vaccination to prevent future outbreaks.