City for people or vehicles? Urgent need for safe and healthy walking system in high-density cities under climate change

The rapid urbanisation and climate challenge impacting high-density cities urgently necessitate the development of safe and healthy walking systems. Pedestrians are facing multiple threats: safety risks from both motor and non-motor vehicles (such as electric bicycles, which often disregard traffic rules, leading to direct conflicts and accidents), as well as the health hazards posed by traffic-related heat and air pollution near roads. Despite these challenges, urban planning has traditionally prioritised vehicle-centric infrastructure, neglecting pedestrian needs, resulting in inadequate and unsafe walking systems. To address this issue, we recommend optimising pedestrian systems and road structures, including the establishment of dedicated pedestrian and non-motorised vehicle lanes, the improvement of intersection designs with clear crossing areas, and the incorporation of green corridors to block and absorb traffic-generated heat and pollution. Further strategies, e.g. the development of underground pedestrian networks and the use of reflective materials and vertical greening on building facades, are also suggested to reduce potential risks. These measures collectively contribute to a people-centred urban planning approach, which is essential for fostering a safe and healthy urban environment.