Flow dynamics of multi-material exchange in two-photon absorption 3D printing

The study showcases the evolution and versatility of two-photon absorption (2PA) in 3D printing. Using the in-situ material exchange system MergeOne system, we successfully fabricated diverse structures and analyzed laminar flow dynamics with fluorescence microscopy. Computational flow dynamics simulations confirmed the observed behavior. We demonstrated lateral multi-material micro-lens printing, along with precise control over material exchange and polymerization parameters. This approach enhances design flexibility and functionality, particularly in additive manufacturing, marking significant advancements in commercial 2PA technology.