Self-Reported Morbidity and SDG-3: An Indian Perspective (1995-2018)

Background: Health is a multifaceted concept encompassing illness, disability, and overall well-being, including physical, social, and mental dimensions. India has achieved notable progress in increasing life expectancy and reducing infant mortality. However, the rising prevalence of morbidity, driven in part by an aging population, highlights ongoing health challenges. Objective: The study, which is to explore how trends in self-reported morbidity align with the goals of SDG 3, and how these trends can inform policy and interventions for improving health outcomes in India.Data & Methodology: Using unit-level data from the 52nd, 60th, 71st, and 75th rounds of the National Sample Survey (NSS), this study analyzes trends, patterns, and burdens of both infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across India. Logistic regression is employed to identify the factors influencing morbidity.Results: The study reveals a significant increase in morbidity prevalence from 1995 to 2014, followed by a decline in 2018. Key findings include higher morbidity rates among females compared to males, and among rural versus urban residents. Morbidity prevalence rises with age and decreases with higher educational attainment. Surprisingly, individuals in the wealthiest quintile reported higher morbidity rates than those in poorer quintiles. Regional disparities are notable, with Kerala reporting the highest morbidity and BIMARU states the lowest. The study also finds that younger populations are more affected by infectious diseases, while older populations experience higher rates of NCDs.Conclusion: These findings underscore significant disparities in morbidity across India, influenced by socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and health awareness. Addressing these disparities is crucial for advancing SDG 3 objectives. The results can inform targeted policies and interventions to enhance health outcomes and achieve equitable health improvements across the country.