Assessment of the impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake on the lung function of men native to the Northeast (Magadan)

Introduction. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an active role in the functioning of various body systems. It is important to understand their influence on one of the most important physiological systems— the respiratory system. Aim. To evaluate the lung function features in men who are permanent residents of the Northeast of Russia before and after taking a dietary supplement containing omega-3 PUFAs. Materials and methods. As part of comprehensive scientific monitoring of northern residents, 45 men aged 40.0 ± 0.8 years were examined and divided into two groups. The first group—the experimental group—received a dietary supplement in the form of re-esterified triglycerides for one and a half months, containing 1,200 mg of PUFAs, including 660 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 440 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The second group—the control group—did not receive any dietary interventions. Time-based, flow, and flow-volume features of lung function were studied using computer spirometry (KM AR 01 Diamant-S). Results. Before the experiment, all parameters except peak expiratory flow rate were below normative values in both the experimental and control groups. The greatest deviation from the predicted levels was observed in indicators characterizing the patency of medium and small bronchi. According to the results of the experiment, no significant changes were identified. However, in individuals who took omega-3 PUFAs, a positive trend was observed towards an increase in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ), which is the primary indicator of possible obstructive airway disorders. For men in the control group, this trend was negative. Conclusion. The study showed no significant differences in lung function after a 45-day intake of an omega-3 supplement. It is possible that even with a relatively high concentration of 1,200 mg of PUFAs, a longer period of supplementation is required for individuals without established lung diseases.