Case Report of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Coexistent Sickle Cell Anemia Heterozygous Presentation

A BSTRACT A 25-year-old female patient presented with a constellation of symptoms, including fever, headache, generalized weakness, and shortness of breath. A clinical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear and bone marrow studies revealed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in conjunction with sickle cell anemia heterozygous, confirmed with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular studies were conducted to ascertain the diagnosis. Clinical examination, complete blood counts, peripheral smear, sodium metabisulphate oxygen reduction, hemoglobin electrophoresis, HPLC [variant II beta thalassemia short program], and molecular study using reverse transcriptase enzyme followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sickle cell disease was once viewed as a dreadful hematological disease with high mortality and morbidity. With recent advancements, an early diagnosis with the help of HPLC and the use of hydroxyurea (HU) in the treatment of sickle cell patients increased overall survival. Prolonged usage of HU has been linked to the development of leukemia and other hematological malignancies. This case highlights the atypical presentation of CML coexisting with sickle cell anemia heterozygous and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches. The disapproval of the reported association between HU and hematological malignancies underscores the need for continued research in this area. Further research is warranted to establish a definitive link between the occurrence of hematological malignancies in patients with sickle cell anemia.