Phenology of garden strawberry varieties in the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan

The article presents the study results of phenological observations of strawberry varieties and their correspondence with the climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. 15 strawberry varieties with different ripening periods were studied. The studies were carried out at the Kushnarenkovskiy Selection Centre of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS in the period of 2019–2023. Our observations were organized in accordance with the Program and Methodology for the Study of Fruit, Berry, and Nut Crops. The influence of effective temperatures on the beginning dates of phenological phases was analyzed. The beginning of the growing season for all varieties was noted in the second decade of April. The sum of effective temperatures required for the beginning of flowering and ripening of strawberry varieties in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan was determined. By our observations, the flowering phase began averagely in the third ten days of May with an average daily air temperature of 12.4–16.2 ºC. The sum of effective temperatures for the beginning of the phenological phase “early flowering” was fixed 262–287 ºC for early varieties, 346–392 ºC for mean varieties, 358–387k ºC for late varieties, and 262–305 ºC on average. The ripening of berries began in the second ten days of July with 346.7–473.2 ºC for early varieties, 405.6–526.4 ºC for mid-ripening varieties, and 438–625 ºC for late-ripening varieties. Quick rates for the flowering, ripening and interphase periods of strawberry development were noted in 2021; they started 10–15 days earlier than the perennial dates. The studied strawberry varieties, according to the dates of the flowering and fruiting phenophases, were divided into early-, middle- and late-ripening. The early group included the varieties Anastasia and Darenka; the middle group – Duet, Kokinskaya Zarya, Orlets, Pervoklassnitsa, Rosinka, Slavutich, Feierwerk, Festivalnaya Romashka; middle-late varieties – Solovushka, Sudarushka, Troitskaya, Urozhaynaya TsGL, Elsanta.